More on energy self sufficent homes

“Mrs Foster and her son, Ken Harcombe, have built a house at Whangateau, near Leigh, which is completely self-sufficient in energy with a windmill, four photovoltaic solar energy panels, a solar water heater and a woodburning stove. The house cost only $200,000. But the windmill cost just over $2000, the four solar panels cost $2000 each plus $4000 for an “inverter”, which allows them to run normal appliances, the solar water heater cost more than $3000 and the wood stove, $12,000.”

A Total of $29k for self sufficiency, no grid power connected at all since it was going to cost $20k for the line. The article points out that a cheaper stove could have been chosen. What the article dosnt say though is what lifestyle choices had to be made to accomdate this situation nor what the running and maintenance costs might be.

On the surface this looks a great arrangement and goes a long way to proving that NZ can avoid problems with energy shortages that have
plagued us since before the second world war. While this lifestyle will not be everyones choice I am sure the reduction of the domestic component it could provide would go a long way to reducing the demand currently on our generation resources.

Even if only solar water heating was used by all new domestic buildings (and smaller commercial buildings) the demand reduction would be
significant, but is the Govt (or the energy companies) considering this, no and NO, and why not? Because they lose too much!

Open House for Solar Energy

Utilizing the power of the Sun to provide energy for homes has developed into a fine art. This month, Energy Awareness Month, the American Solar Energy Society is coordinating the opening of hundreds of private homes across the country for public viewing.

People will be able to tour more than 800 homes and businesses powered by solar energy in 44 states and see first hand the benefits of the clean, nonpolluting power of the Sun.

The home and business owners will explain to visitors how photovoltaic cells for electricity and passive solar energy systems for heat work. Some homeowners will explain how they can sell electricity generated by their solar installations back to their local utility through a process known as net metering.

Especially in California, dealing with its energy crunch, the idea that sunny days can be turned into electricity is appealing. California Energy Commissioner Robert Pernell said, “Photovoltaic panels, small wind turbines, and fuel cells can be installed in existing structures or incorporated into new construction. These tours are a good way for homeowners who are interested in learning more about this type of energy technology to see the systems working, ask questions, and find out which system best suits their needs.”

This coming weekend, Oct. 13 and 14, the public is invited to visit private homes throughout Los Angeles that use solar technology. Solar homes in Santa Monica, Culver City, and Hollywood will be open on the Real Places For Real People tour, sponsored by the solar and renewable energy nonprofit organization Global Possibilities.

Casey Coates Danson, founding president of Global Possibilities, said, “The homes on this tour are making a great contribution to mitigating climate change by using solar energy. It will take the participation of many more individuals like these to make a substantial impact on climate change.”

Danson’s own 4,500-square-foot residence, a highlight of the tour, is the largest private residence in Los Angeles using solar technology.  Also on Oct. 13, solar homes farther north in California will be open. Tours sponsored by the Northern California Solar Energy Association offer 35 sites in the East Bay, Silicon Valley, Contra Costa, and Santa Cruz featuring solar power, photovoltaic systems, solar water and space heating, passive solar, and green building materials.

“This is a great opportunity for the public to see how solar power can maximize home energy efficiency and why a home with renewable energy
is a good investment,” said Ed Nold, owner and founder of Green Home Design, a consulting firm specializing in putting environmental commitments into practice in residential construction projects.

California Congresswoman Jane Harman, a Democrat and a Venice Beach resident, recently added solar panels to her home. “It was not a tough
choice,” she said.” I live on the beach and the sun beats down on my roof almost every day. Photovoltaic technologies convert that energy to usable electricity with no polluting byproducts. Hopefully more people will choose clean, efficient solar over antiquated fossil
generation.”

Pernell assures interested people on a tight budget, “Many renewable technologies that are available today for California homes and businesses are also eligible for a state rebate.”

Opportunities abound in other areas of the country. Near Chatanooga, Tenn., the Sequatchie Valley Institute is inviting people to tour its facilities, which model environmental sustainability. They feature hand-crafted passive solar buildings that utilize solar and wind-powered electricity. Surrounding the Center is a permaculture farm with edible landscaping integrated into the forest ecosystem.

In the nation’s capital, the Potomic Region Solar Energy Association is hosting the solar tour in cooperation with Sierra Club, Virginia Solar Council, and American Solar Energy Council. The tour will include the home of Mike Tidwell and Catherine Varchaver, which was featured in a Washington Post article on Oct. 6.

Even in cold North Dakota, a solar home will be open near Carson to display a solar-wind hybrid system. The tour is hosted by Dakota Solar Electric, which designs and installs solar-powered water systems for ranchers in North Dakota.

In conjunction with the Denver self-guided solar home tour, the National Renewable Energy Lab in nearby Golden, Colo., is hosting an exhibitor showcase featuring 25 local companies and organizations that provide renewable energy and energy efficiency products and services.

Solar concentration mirrors in the outer solar system

Whenever settlement of the outer solar system is discussed in this ng, it’s always assumed that it will be done using fusion power to provide energy, with an “edge of sunlight”, beyond which solar photovoltaics which cannot be used, around 3 A.U.

The edge of sunlight, commonly put at 3 A.U., could possibly be extended to hundreds of times that by using extremely thin mirrors to concentrate the attenuated solar light.  The mirrors could be aluminum a few tens of atoms thick, and an array of flat mirrors could be aimed with a support structure to focus this for useful solar energy and/or light.

To supply 1 gw. of electrical power at earth orbit using the best photovoltaic cells available (~ 30% conversion efficiency), an area of 2.38 x 10^6 square meters is required.  For getting the same electrical power at distances further from the sun, an area of mirrors is required amounting to

   Area = A_e x Distance^2 / E

where

   A_e = area at earth orbit = 2.38 x 10^6 m2
   Distance = distance in A.U.
   E = efficiency factor based on the reflectivity of the mirror,
          and how well the light reflected hits the photovoltaics
          due to possible aiming problems or mirror deformation.

and

   Mass = Area x T x M_sp x Factor_s

where

   Mass = entire mass of mirror system (kg)
   T = thickness of mirror (m)
   M_sp = mass density of mirror material (kg/m3)
   Factor_s = factor for extra mass required for the support structure
                 for the mirrors.

Using an efficiency factor of 50%, a thickness of 40 nm, a mass density of 5 gm/cm3 (= 5000 kg/m3) (I don’t know the density of aluminum off-hand so I used this), and a support structure factor of 2, one gets                          

     distance  area required  mass required
                              (A.U.)    (m2)           (kg)

orbit of Pluto                35        5.83 x 10^9    2.33 x 10^6

current outer
edge of the Kuiper belt       70        2.33 x 10^10   9.32 x 10^6

furthest orbit of Sedna,
inner edge of the Oort cloud  900       3.86 x 10^12   1.54 x 10^9

These could be made from chunks of aluminum only 10, 16, and 83 meters across respectively.

Problems erosion of the mirrors by dust and meteorites damage by the solar wind and/or cosmic rays reflectivity being obscured by dust particles or organic matter collecting on the surface solar sail effect which makes the mirror system(or what it is attached to) move  manufacturing the huge mirrors in the first place

Solutions?

 Give the mirrors a static charge so they might have net mass collecting capability instead of mass loss.

 Attach the mirror system to its space settlement and orient it so that the settlement slowly spirals down toward a more desirable location closer to the sun.

Other possibilities

 Instead of using mirrors, use photovoltaic cells themselves.  Assumes an extremely cheap way of manufacturing them of course.

 Have mirrors with a reflector made from organic materials (if there are any), which would make it lighter than an aluminum    one and from more common organic elements.  Or make a concentrating lense instead of a mirror.

Have there been any studies done on this subject?  I think it’s very worthwhile looking at, given how much time and trouble we’ve had getting controlled fusion power to work.  Also a space settlement out there in the Kuiper belt might want to save their deuterium for more useful things like propulsion, self-defense, etc.

Vast new energy source almost here

Solar hydrogen fuel dream will soon be a reality Australian scientists predict that a revolutionary new way to harness the power of the sun to extract clean and almost unlimited energy supplies from water will be a reality within seven years. Using special titanium oxide ceramics that harvest sunlight and split water to produce hydrogen fuel, the researchers say it will then be a simple engineering exercise to make an energy-harvesting device with no moving parts and emitting no greenhouse gases or pollutants. It would be the cheapest, cleanest and most abundant energy source ever developed: the main by-products would be oxygen and water. “This is potentially huge, with a market the size of all the existing markets for coal, oil and gas combined,” says Professor Janusz Nowotny, who with Professor Chris Sorrell is leading a solar hydrogen research project at the University of New South Wales (UNSW) Centre for Materials and Energy Conversion. The team is thought to be the most advanced in developing the cheap, light-sensitive materials that will be the basis of the technology. “Based on our research results, we know we are on the right track and with the right support we now estimate that we can deliver a new material within seven years,” says Nowotny. Sorrell says Australia is ideally placed to take advantage of the enormous potential of this new technology: “We have abundant sunlight, huge reserves of titanium and we’re close to the burgeoning energy markets of the Asia-Pacific region. But this technology could be used anywhere in the world. It’s been the dream of many people for a long time to develop it and it’s exciting to know that it is now within such close reach.”
The results of the team’s work will be presented in Sydney on 27 August to delegates from Japan, Germany, the United States and Australia at a one-day
International Conference on Materials for Hydrogen Energy at UNSW. Among them will be the inventors of the solar hydrogen process, Professors
Akira Fujishima and Kenichi Honda. Both are frontrunners for the Nobel Prize in chemistry and are the laureates of the 2004 Japan Prize.
Since the Japanese researchers’ 1971 discoveries, science has made major advances in achieving one of the ultimate goals of science and technology -
the design of materials required to split water using solar light. The UNSW team opted to use titania ceramic photoelectrodes because they have
the right semiconducting properties and the highest resistance to water corrosion.
Solar hydrogen, Professor Sorrell argues, is not incompatible with coal. It can be used to produce solar methanol, which produces less carbon dioxide
than conventional methods. “As a mid-term energy carrier it has a lot to say for it,” he says.

Converting material matter into energy

Almost anything will burn if you get it hot enough; but asside from fission, fusion, and water power, most of the energy we use these days comes from  easily combustible matter such as wood, coal, or petroleum products. Through the years we’ve learned to safely control and direct this combustion with external combustion steam engines and internal combution gas; diesel, jet and rocket engines.

Our dependence on petroleum products has increased over the years, and our realization that the supply is limited has increased our efforts to find similary safe and inexpensive materials from which to extract energy.

If it’s any help; the process of converting material matter into energy goes something like this: First comes the conversion to the molecular motion of heat, which creates expansion, and thrust; which is used directly in jet and rocket engines or converted to molar linear, or rotary motion through various levers and cranking mechanisims.

The gathering and storing of solar energy must be approached carefully and regulated so as not to upset our environment and nature’s balance;
where the solar energy received each day is given off each night: But maybe a safe compromise can be arranged.

Solar energy delegation to Nicaragua!

An opportunity to offer your hands, heart, and a unique gift: Solar Energy to a rural community in Nicaragua!

The Grupo Fenix invites interested parties to participate directly in its development and vision. We  offer a 12-day workshop/tour in which participants learn about solar energy systems, study applications specific to Central America, visit renewable energy installations, and install a PV lighting system in a rural village.  The program includes recreational and cultural activities. The next 12-day workshop will run from the 4th of January to the 16th, 2004.  The cost of the entire trip, excluding air fare and airport expenses, is $850 per person, which includes a $200 subsidy towards solar equipment for the villages   and $100 to development funds in the barrios and villages where Fenix is working. The course is taught in English and Spanish with simultaneous translation into English. (Spanish ability greatly enhances your experience of Nicaragua, and the Summer course will be taught mostly by Nicaraguans and include more Spanish.)  The course design for 2004 includes new hands on experiences and highlights the socio economic impact Grupo Fenix has had in the process implementing renewable energy for sustainable development. New students welcome and previous students encouraged to return.

A PROBLEM: More than 60% of Nicaragua’s rural population have no electricity,  and the cost of electricity is high for poor Nicaraguans. Rural poor rely on wood to fuel in-home stoves for cooking, and more than half of the energy consumed in the country is for firewood for cooking. The resultant deforestation has caused the drying up local rivers, serious erosion and loss of top soil, and mud slides that have killed thousands. Campesinos must
walk progressively farther to encounter firewood or purchase the wood at rising cost. Health concerns related to cooking with firewood include respiratory diseases, which now leads contaminated water as a major cause of illness and death. These problems particularly affect women and children, who are most likely to spend significant time in smoke-filled kitchens.

A SOLUTION: Grupo Fenix was started in 1996 by a group of enthusiastic engineering students at the National Engineering University (UNI).  They chose the name ?Grupo Fenix? receiving inspiration from the mythical bird of Egyptian sun worship, the Phoenix, which is forever renewed, and expresses the hope of these young Nicaraguans that their poor, strife-torn country would rise from the ashes of war and build an enlightened society.  Since 1996, Grupo Fenix has developed into an association of member organizations with academic, non profit and business affiliations which  have been promoting,
researching and implementing the use of renewable energy resources in Nicaragua, especially in rural areas.

Marx and Ideology

Back about 1981 I was working for a lrge corporation. My fellow workers and myself through the years would discuss many different subjects. But, that year the most frequently discussed subject was solar energy. Practically anyone in the place was eager to discus the subject.    Then there came those socalled “solar    energy specials” on T. V. Now I feel it’s important to to take note of who the sponsors of these “solar energy specials” were. It was always a major oil company and or the federal government. So, at the time I was doing some research on energy in general in The U. S. One of the things I found out was that from the beginning up until that time most of the people in congress especially the senators had their personal investments in oil. now, if you know much about cycology you know that sometimes something implied can be more effective than something said openly. So, what they did on those “solar energy specials” was to demonstrate using an engineer with a whole wall full of degrees  the most complicated system possible. By doing this they implied that solar energy was too complex for the aveage viewer to understand. They couldn’t afford to come right out and say it because that would have insulted the audience. But, they could imply it and get with it. Then, they come right out and said that it was too expensive to be practical at the present time.
   Later on whenever i would attempt to bring up to the same people the subject of solar energy which they had been so eager to discuss earlier
all I would get out of those people was things like, ins’t that awfully complicated? or, that’s just too expensive to be practical right now.    I could see from what they were saying that the people who had the material had controled the production of their minds.

Solar Energy Milestones

For thousands of years people have used sunlight to warm their homes. Socrates (470-399 B.C.) taught the importance of placing homes so the interior rooms could warm the interior rooms during winter. Here are just a few highlights of historic solar energy developments: Destruction of Roman fleet (212 B.C.) – Archimedes is reported to have ignited invading Roman ships by means of reflected sunlight. Diamond melted (1695) – Two Italian experimenters succeeded in melting a diamond using focused sunlight.

Solar furnace (1774) – The French chemist Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier made a solar furnace that melted platinum. Solar powered printing press (1878) – A large parabolic reflector collected enough sunlight to power a printing press. Solar steam engine (1901) – A.G.Eneas designed a solar steam engine that pumped irrigation water in Arizona. Sunlight was collected by 1,788 mirrors installed in a fixture that resembled a giant umbrella 33.5 feet (about 10 meters) in diameter. Solar engine (1908) – John Boyles and H.E. Willsie demonstrated a 15 – horse- power engine powered by pools of water that captured and stored the heat from sunlight.

Solar electrical plant (1913)- Frank Shuman and C.V. Boys built the world’s first solar-powered electrical plant near Cairo, Egypt. The huge facility
used seven solar collectors, each 204 feet (about 62 meters) long. The collectors had a total area of 13,000 square feet (about 1,208 square meters). They automatically tracked the sun.

Solar oven (1925) – C.G. Abbot of the Smithsonian Institution cooked meals using a solar-powered oven at his sun observatory on the Mount Wilson,
California. Solar furnace (1950′s) – French scientist Felix Trombe designed the world’s largest solar furnace. This facility, whose 9,000 mirrors are installed on the side of a building, can reach the temperature of the sun’s surface, 10,000 degrees fahrenheit (about 5,538 degrees celsius).

Silicon solar cell (1954) – Gerald Pearson, Daryl Chapin and Calvin Fuller of Bell Laboratories development led to the modern era of photovoltaic solar
power conversion. Mid-East oil crisis (1970′s) – The oil crisis of the 1970′s stimulated significant new research in solar energy. Old kinds of solar energy systems were improved and new kinds were developed. Thin-film solar cell (1980′s) – Many kinds of solar cells have been developed, but thin-film cells of silicon and other semi-conductors are among the most important. They can be made as flexible sheets much larger than standard silicon solar cells.

SpiderMan’s Supplemental Origin

The amount of solar energy that strikes the Earth is irrelevant. Superman only has access to the energy that strikes Superman.  That gives him access to the energy of a single solar panel, or a small bush.

It shouldn’t be necessary to do the math.  Anyone who spends 5 minutes outside should have a rough idea of how much energy strikes a human
being.  (Were you instantantly incinerated?  No?  Can Superman incinerate a large boulder with heat vision?  Yes?  Gee, wouldn’t it take at least a few weeks to accumulate that much energy?)

But let’s do the math anyway:

At this distance, the sun provides about 1353 W/m^2 of power in space. On Earth, you have to divide by 4 because about half the energy is
reflected by clouds, and another half is lost at night.  Toss in a reasonable estimate of 100 cm^2 for the surface area of Superman’s face and hands (which are the parts he normally exposes), and you get 33.8 Watts.  Call it about 30 Watts if you want to account for the fact that Superman must reflect *some* light, or he’d be jet black.

So the next time you see a 30-Watt light bulb, just think: that’s how much power Superman has access to.  If he stores it like a battery, he should be able to lift a 1-ton car a couple of hundred feet into the air once per day, or a major feat (such as the ship he lifted in MOS #2) once every 20 years or so.  Logically, Superman’s batteries should have been depleted after his first week on the job.

 As is becoming increasingly apparent, this is really just a matter of  preference. Some like it more complicated, some less.

In the case of Superman, I’d say the “solar battery” people are squarely in the “less complicated” camp.  Accepting an obviously-false explanation is less scientific than saying, “Kryptonians get superpowers under a yellow sun, and nobody knows why”.

In the case of Spider-Man, I’m torn.  On the face of it, spider venom shouldn’t have any more connections to a spider’s abilities than, say, snake venom.  So why didn’t Peter get snake powers instead?  The whole bit about “it was a spider, therefore you get spider-like powers” does have a hint of sympathetic magic about it.

Frankly, I find it hard to be too worried about it.  As far as I’m concerned, Spider-Man’s origin has nothing to do with how he got his powers — the spider bite is the McGuffin part of the story.  His *real* origin is when he found out who murdered Uncle Ben.

The hazards of solar energy

Many groups and individuals are proposing that our government spend tax money on research and development of systems to utilize solar energy. They urge construction of vast solar energy collectors to convert sunlight to electricity to supply our energy needs. They would even put solar collectors on roofs of homes, factories, schools, and other buildings. Proponents of this technology claim that energy obtained from the sun will be safer and cleaner than coal, oil, or nuclear energy sources.

We view these proposals with alarm. Unscrupulous scientists and greedy promoters are hoodwinking a gullible public. We consider it rash and
dangerous to commit our country to the use of solar energy. This solar technology has never been utilized on such a large scale, and we have no
assurance of its long-range safety. Not one single study has been done to assess the safety of electricity from solar energy as compared to electricity
from other sources.

The promoters of solar energy cleverly lead you to believe that it is perfectly safe. Yet they conveniently neglect to mention that solar energy is
generated by nuclear fusion within the sun. This process operates on the very same basic laws of nuclear physics used in nuclear power plants and atomic bombs!

And what is the source of this energy? It is hydrogen, a highly explosive gas (remember the Hindenberg?) Hydrogen is also the active material in H-bombs, which are not only tremendously destructive, but produce dangerous fallout. The glib advocates of solar energy don’t even mention these disturbing facts about the true sources of solar energy. What else are they trying to hide
from us?

In addition to the known dangers cited above, what about the unknown dangers, which very well might be worse? When pressed, scientists will admit that they do not fully understand the workings of the sun, or even of the atom. They will even grudgingly admit that our knowledge of the basic laws of physics is not yet perfect or complete. Yet these same reckless scientists would have us use this solar technology even before we fully understand how it works.

Admittedly we are already subject to a natural `background’ radiation from the sun. We can do little about that, except to stay out of direct sunlight
as much as possible. The evidence is already clear that too much exposure to sunlight can cause skin cancer. But solar collectors would concentrate that sunlight (which otherwise would have fallen harmlessly on waste land), convert it to electricity and pipe it into our homes to irradiate us from
every light bulb! We would then not even be safe from this cancer-producing energy even in our own homes!

We all know that looking at the sun for even a few seconds can cause blindness. What long term health hazards might result from reading by light
derived from solar energy? Will we develop cataracts, or slowly go blind? Not one medical study has yet addressed itself to this question, and none are
planned.

In their blind zeal to plug us in to solar energy, scientists seem to totally ignore possible fire hazards of solar energy. Sunlight reaching us directly
from the sun at naturally safe levels poses little fire threat. But all one has to do is concentrate sunlight, with a simple burning- glass, and it
readily ignites combustible materials. Who would feel safe with solar energy concentrators on their roof? Could we afford the fire insurance rates?

These scientists, and the big corporations which employ them, stand to profit greatly from construction of solar-power stations.
No wonder they try to hide the dangers of the technology and suppress any open discussion of them.

Proponents of solar energy present facts, figures and graphs to support their claim that energy from the sun will be less expensive, as conventional fuel supplies dwindle and technology of solar energy systems improves. But even if this is so, what will stop the solar energy equipment manufacturers and solar power companies from raising prices when they achieve a monopoly and other fuel sources disappear?

Of course every technology has risks. We might be willing to tolerate some small risk–if solar energy really represented a permanent solution to our
energy problems. But that is not the case. At best, solar energy is only a temporary band-aid. Recent calculations indicate that the “Sun Will Go Out in
a Billion Years As Its Fuel Runs Out” (Source: newspaper headline) As that calculation was made a year ago, we now have only nine-hundred ninety-nine
million, nine-hundred ninety-nine thousand, nine-hundred and ninety-nine years left during which we could use solar energy. Wouldn’t it be better to
put our human resources and scientific brains to work to find a safer and more permanent solution to our energy needs?